本文首发于 https://blog.kangxuanpeng.com/post/ubuntu-add-swap-size
背景
在 apt install
的时候遇到了错误 FATAL -> Failed to fork.
[root@Ubuntu:~]# apt install xxx
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
...
FATAL -> Failed to fork.
经过排查发现是交换空间不足,所以本文是在 Ubuntu 环境下增加 swap 交换空间。
解决步骤
查看当前系统 swap 大小
如下所示,当前的系统交换空间已用完:
[root@Ubuntu:~]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 481 339 9 15 131 114
Swap: 0 0 0
[root@Ubuntu:~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 210M 0 210M 0% /dev
tmpfs 49M 656K 48M 2% /run
/dev/vda1 9.8G 3.1G 6.3G 34% /
tmpfs 241M 0 241M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 241M 0 241M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
tmpfs 49M 0 49M 0% /run/user/1000
指定 swap 文件
/* 必须用 root 账号
[root@Ubuntu:~]# mkdir /swap
[root@Ubuntu:~]# cd /swap/
[root@Ubuntu:swap]# ls
[root@Ubuntu:swap]# dd if=/dev/zero of=swapfile bs=100M count=50
50+0 records in
50+0 records out
5242880000 bytes (5.2 GB, 4.9 GiB) copied, 43.7988 s, 120 MB/s
命令解释:
1 if=文件名:输入文件名,缺省为标准输入。即指定源文件。< if=input file >
2 of=文件名:输出文件名,缺省为标准输出。即指定目的文件。< of=output file >
3 ibs=bytes:一次读入bytes个字节,即指定一个块大小为bytes个字节。
obs=bytes:一次输出bytes个字节,即指定一个块大小为bytes个字节。
bs=bytes:同时设置读入/输出的块大小为bytes个字节。
4 cbs=bytes:一次转换bytes个字节,即指定转换缓冲区大小。
5 skip=blocks:从输入文件开头跳过blocks个块后再开始复制。
6 seek=blocks:从输出文件开头跳过blocks个块后再开始复制。
注意:通常只用当输出文件是磁盘或磁带时才有效,即备份到磁盘或磁带时才有效。
7 count=blocks:仅拷贝blocks个块,块大小等于ibs指定的字节数。
转换 swap 文件
[root@Ubuntu:swap]# mkswap -f swapfile
mkswap: swapfile: insecure permissions 0644, 0600 suggested.
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4.9 GiB (5242875904 bytes)
no label, UUID=18adba41-e214-48d6-a8d7-eb06d7e7137c
[root@Ubuntu:swap]# chmod 0600 /swap/swapfile
[root@Ubuntu:swap]# mkswap -f swapfile
mkswap: swapfile: warning: wiping old swap signature.
Setting up swapspace version 1, size = 4.9 GiB (5242875904 bytes)
no label, UUID=148b286b-a2c6-4ae2-beff-d7d3e0403df0
激活 swap 文件
用 swapon
命令来激活,可以看到激活前后的交换空间大小变化
[root@Ubuntu:swap]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 481 326 17 15 137 127
Swap: 0 0 0
[root@Ubuntu:swap]# swapon /swap/swapfile
[root@Ubuntu:swap]# free -m
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 481 328 15 15 137 125
Swap: 4999 0 4999
/* 取消挂载则是 swapoff swap
至此,成功增加了交换空间。又可以愉快地 apt install
了。
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2020-04-29 00:26:43
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